feat: instance-level streaming limits with admin settings panel

Add a server-side instance_settings table (single-row, CHECK(id=1))
that stores admin-configurable streaming bounds: bitrate min/max/step,
allowed resolutions, and allowed framerates.

Backend:
- New instance_settings schema + migrations (is_admin on users, default
  settings row, first-registered-user promoted to admin)
- GET/PATCH /api/settings/streaming endpoints with admin-only writes
  and full input validation including cross-field checks

Frontend:
- settingsStore fetches limits on WebSocket ready, exposes isAdmin flag
- ScreenShareSettingsPopover reads bounds from store instead of
  hardcoded constants, auto-clamps stale localStorage values
- buildScreenShareOptions() clamps bitrate to server limits at build
  time as enforcement backstop
- ServerSettings modal gains a "Streaming" tab (admin-only) with
  bitrate range sliders, resolution/framerate toggles, and save/reset

packages/server/src/db/index.ts

@@ -174,6 +174,18 @@ function createTables(db: Database.Database): void {
       server_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES servers(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
       PRIMARY KEY (folder_id, server_id)
     );
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS instance_settings (
+      id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT 1 CHECK (id = 1),
+      max_bitrate_kbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 20000,
+      min_bitrate_kbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 500,
+      bitrate_step_kbps INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 500,
+      allowed_resolutions TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '540,720,1080',
+      allowed_framerates TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '30,45,60',
+      max_resolution INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1080,
+      max_framerate INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 60,
+      updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+    );
   `);
 }
 

packages/server/src/db/migrate.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ export function runMigrations(db: Database.Database): void {
       columns: [
         { name: 'owner_id', type: 'TEXT' }
       ]
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'users',
+      columns: [
+        { name: 'is_admin', type: 'INTEGER DEFAULT 0' }
+      ]
     }
   ];
 
@@ -82,9 +88,38 @@ export function runMigrations(db: Database.Database): void {
   // ─── RBAC Migration: Ensure @everyone roles exist for all servers ─────────
   migrateEveryoneRoles(db);
 
+  // ─── Instance settings: ensure default row exists ──────────────────────────
+  migrateInstanceSettings(db);
+
+  // ─── Admin flag: ensure at least one admin exists (first registered user) ──
+  migrateFirstAdmin(db);
+
   console.log('Migrations complete.');
 }
 
+/** Ensure the single-row instance_settings row exists */
+function migrateInstanceSettings(db: Database.Database): void {
+  const row = db.prepare('SELECT id FROM instance_settings WHERE id = 1').get();
+  if (!row) {
+    db.prepare(
+      'INSERT OR IGNORE INTO instance_settings (id, max_bitrate_kbps, min_bitrate_kbps, bitrate_step_kbps, allowed_resolutions, allowed_framerates, max_resolution, max_framerate, updated_at) VALUES (1, 20000, 500, 500, ?, ?, 1080, 60, ?)'
+    ).run('540,720,1080', '30,45,60', Date.now());
+    console.log('Migrating: Inserted default instance_settings row');
+  }
+}
+
+/** Ensure at least one user has is_admin = 1 (the earliest registered user) */
+function migrateFirstAdmin(db: Database.Database): void {
+  const anyAdmin = db.prepare('SELECT id FROM users WHERE is_admin = 1 LIMIT 1').get();
+  if (!anyAdmin) {
+    const firstUser = db.prepare('SELECT id FROM users ORDER BY created_at ASC LIMIT 1').get() as { id: string } | undefined;
+    if (firstUser) {
+      db.prepare('UPDATE users SET is_admin = 1 WHERE id = ?').run(firstUser.id);
+      console.log(`Migrating: Set first user ${firstUser.id} as instance admin`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /** For each server, ensure an @everyone role exists with id === server.id */
 function migrateEveryoneRoles(db: Database.Database): void {
   const servers = db.prepare('SELECT id FROM servers').all() as { id: string }[];

packages/server/src/db/schema.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
   avatar: text('avatar'),
   status: text('status').default('offline'),
   customStatus: text('custom_status'),
+  isAdmin: integer('is_admin').default(0),
   createdAt: integer('created_at').notNull(),
 });
 
@@ -173,3 +174,15 @@ export const serverFolderMembers = sqliteTable('server_folder_members', {
 }, (table) => ({
   pk: primaryKey({ columns: [table.folderId, table.serverId] }),
 }));
+
+export const instanceSettings = sqliteTable('instance_settings', {
+  id: integer('id').primaryKey().default(1),
+  maxBitrateKbps: integer('max_bitrate_kbps').notNull().default(20000),
+  minBitrateKbps: integer('min_bitrate_kbps').notNull().default(500),
+  bitrateStepKbps: integer('bitrate_step_kbps').notNull().default(500),
+  allowedResolutions: text('allowed_resolutions').notNull().default('540,720,1080'),
+  allowedFramerates: text('allowed_framerates').notNull().default('30,45,60'),
+  maxResolution: integer('max_resolution').notNull().default(1080),
+  maxFramerate: integer('max_framerate').notNull().default(60),
+  updatedAt: integer('updated_at').notNull(),
+});

packages/server/src/db/seed.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export async function seedDatabase(): Promise<void> {
     displayName: 'Admin',
     passwordHash: adminPasswordHash,
     status: 'offline',
+    isAdmin: 1,
     createdAt: Date.now(),
   }).run();
 

packages/server/src/index.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { uploadRoutes } from './routes/uploads.js';
 import { dmRoutes } from './routes/dm.js';
 import { livekitRoutes } from './routes/livekit.js';
 import { socialRoutes } from './routes/social.js';
+import { settingsRoutes } from './routes/settings.js';
 import { utilRoutes } from './routes/utils.js';
 import { registerWebSocket } from './ws/handler.js';
 import path from 'path';
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
   await app.register(dmRoutes);
   await app.register(livekitRoutes);
   await app.register(socialRoutes);
+  await app.register(settingsRoutes);
   await app.register(utilRoutes);
   await app.register(registerWebSocket);
 

packages/server/src/routes/auth.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }
@@ -67,12 +68,17 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance): Promise<void> {
     const userId = generateSnowflake();
     const now = Date.now();
 
+    // First registered user becomes instance admin
+    const userCount = db.select().from(schema.users).all().length;
+    const isFirstUser = userCount === 0;
+
     db.insert(schema.users).values({
       id: userId,
       username: trimmedUsername,
       displayName: displayName?.trim() || null,
       passwordHash,
       status: 'online',
+      isAdmin: isFirstUser ? 1 : 0,
       createdAt: now,
     }).run();
 

packages/server/src/routes/dm.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/routes/messages.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/routes/servers.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/routes/settings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance } from 'fastify';
+import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { getDb, schema } from '../db/index.js';
+import { authenticate } from '../utils/auth.js';
+import type { InstanceStreamingLimits } from '@opencord/shared';
+
+const VALID_RESOLUTIONS = [540, 720, 1080];
+const VALID_FRAMERATES = [30, 45, 60];
+
+function rowToLimits(row: typeof schema.instanceSettings.$inferSelect): InstanceStreamingLimits {
+  return {
+    maxBitrateKbps: row.maxBitrateKbps,
+    minBitrateKbps: row.minBitrateKbps,
+    bitrateStepKbps: row.bitrateStepKbps,
+    allowedResolutions: row.allowedResolutions.split(',').map(Number).filter((n) => VALID_RESOLUTIONS.includes(n)),
+    allowedFramerates: row.allowedFramerates.split(',').map(Number).filter((n) => VALID_FRAMERATES.includes(n)),
+    maxResolution: row.maxResolution,
+    maxFramerate: row.maxFramerate,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function settingsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance): Promise<void> {
+  // GET /api/settings/streaming — any authenticated user can read instance limits
+  app.get('/api/settings/streaming', { preHandler: authenticate }, async (_request, reply) => {
+    const db = getDb();
+    const row = db.select().from(schema.instanceSettings).where(eq(schema.instanceSettings.id, 1)).get();
+    if (!row) {
+      return reply.code(500).send({ error: 'Instance settings not initialized', statusCode: 500 });
+    }
+    return reply.code(200).send(rowToLimits(row));
+  });
+
+  // PATCH /api/settings/streaming — admin only
+  app.patch<{ Body: Partial<InstanceStreamingLimits> }>('/api/settings/streaming', { preHandler: authenticate }, async (request, reply) => {
+    const db = getDb();
+
+    // Verify caller is an instance admin
+    const caller = db.select().from(schema.users).where(eq(schema.users.id, request.userId)).get();
+    if (!caller || caller.isAdmin !== 1) {
+      return reply.code(403).send({ error: 'Only instance admins can modify streaming settings', statusCode: 403 });
+    }
+
+    const body = request.body;
+    const updateData: Record<string, number | string> = { updatedAt: Date.now() };
+
+    if (body.maxBitrateKbps !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof body.maxBitrateKbps !== 'number' || body.maxBitrateKbps < 500 || body.maxBitrateKbps > 50000) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'maxBitrateKbps must be between 500 and 50000', statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.maxBitrateKbps = body.maxBitrateKbps;
+    }
+
+    if (body.minBitrateKbps !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof body.minBitrateKbps !== 'number' || body.minBitrateKbps < 100 || body.minBitrateKbps > 50000) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'minBitrateKbps must be between 100 and 50000', statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.minBitrateKbps = body.minBitrateKbps;
+    }
+
+    if (body.bitrateStepKbps !== undefined) {
+      if (typeof body.bitrateStepKbps !== 'number' || body.bitrateStepKbps < 50 || body.bitrateStepKbps > 5000) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'bitrateStepKbps must be between 50 and 5000', statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.bitrateStepKbps = body.bitrateStepKbps;
+    }
+
+    if (body.allowedResolutions !== undefined) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(body.allowedResolutions) || body.allowedResolutions.length === 0) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'allowedResolutions must be a non-empty array', statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      const invalid = body.allowedResolutions.filter((r) => !VALID_RESOLUTIONS.includes(r));
+      if (invalid.length > 0) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `Invalid resolutions: ${invalid.join(', ')}. Allowed: ${VALID_RESOLUTIONS.join(', ')}`, statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.allowedResolutions = body.allowedResolutions.sort((a, b) => a - b).join(',');
+    }
+
+    if (body.allowedFramerates !== undefined) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(body.allowedFramerates) || body.allowedFramerates.length === 0) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'allowedFramerates must be a non-empty array', statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      const invalid = body.allowedFramerates.filter((f) => !VALID_FRAMERATES.includes(f));
+      if (invalid.length > 0) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `Invalid framerates: ${invalid.join(', ')}. Allowed: ${VALID_FRAMERATES.join(', ')}`, statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.allowedFramerates = body.allowedFramerates.sort((a, b) => a - b).join(',');
+    }
+
+    if (body.maxResolution !== undefined) {
+      if (!VALID_RESOLUTIONS.includes(body.maxResolution)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `maxResolution must be one of: ${VALID_RESOLUTIONS.join(', ')}`, statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.maxResolution = body.maxResolution;
+    }
+
+    if (body.maxFramerate !== undefined) {
+      if (!VALID_FRAMERATES.includes(body.maxFramerate)) {
+        return reply.code(400).send({ error: `maxFramerate must be one of: ${VALID_FRAMERATES.join(', ')}`, statusCode: 400 });
+      }
+      updateData.maxFramerate = body.maxFramerate;
+    }
+
+    // Cross-field validation: min < max
+    const currentRow = db.select().from(schema.instanceSettings).where(eq(schema.instanceSettings.id, 1)).get();
+    if (!currentRow) {
+      return reply.code(500).send({ error: 'Instance settings not initialized', statusCode: 500 });
+    }
+
+    const effectiveMin = (updateData.minBitrateKbps as number | undefined) ?? currentRow.minBitrateKbps;
+    const effectiveMax = (updateData.maxBitrateKbps as number | undefined) ?? currentRow.maxBitrateKbps;
+    if (effectiveMin >= effectiveMax) {
+      return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'minBitrateKbps must be less than maxBitrateKbps', statusCode: 400 });
+    }
+
+    db.update(schema.instanceSettings).set(updateData).where(eq(schema.instanceSettings.id, 1)).run();
+
+    const updatedRow = db.select().from(schema.instanceSettings).where(eq(schema.instanceSettings.id, 1)).get();
+    if (!updatedRow) {
+      return reply.code(500).send({ error: 'Failed to read updated settings', statusCode: 500 });
+    }
+
+    return reply.code(200).send(rowToLimits(updatedRow));
+  });
+}

packages/server/src/routes/social.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/routes/users.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/ws/events.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }

packages/server/src/ws/handler.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ function sanitizeUser(row: typeof schema.users.$inferSelect): User {
     avatar: row.avatar,
     status: (row.status ?? 'offline') as User['status'],
     customStatus: row.customStatus,
+    isAdmin: row.isAdmin === 1,
     createdAt: row.createdAt,
   };
 }